Essential Considerations for Constructing a Solid Column Foundation

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Vijaya Kumar

Published on: September 2023

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The column foundation method offers enhanced structural stability for residential buildings. It plays a pivotal role in mitigating issues such as landslides, particularly in regions with unstable soil or uneven terrain. Now, let's delve into the key considerations for its construction.

Importance of Structural Drawing

These drawings are meticulously crafted by structural engineers to delineate the intricate details of essential house components, including the foundation, columns, and beams.
They serve as indispensable tools for comprehending critical junction points, load-bearing spaces, and facilitating the selection of appropriate footing designs (such as Isolated, Combined, or Raft Footing), as well as the materials required for construction.

Column Footing

Precisely align and mark (Setting Out) in accordance with the structural drawings and plans.
Excavate the areas designated for footings, then lay a 6-inch thick PCC (with a mix ratio of 1:4:8).
Guarantee the precision of frame construction, and ensure the correct positioning of the base square and columns, utilizing top-grade steel (Fe 500).
Ensure precise shuttering by placing cover blocks beneath the frame and along the sides of the column to ensure thorough concrete distribution.
Use high-quality materials for concreting (RCC - Reinforced Cement Concrete) with a precise mix ratio of 1:3:5.
For added foundation durability, perform essential water curing for seven days after concreting.
After a period of three to four days, you can safely dismantle the formwork.
Following seven days of proper watering, proceed with the landfilling process.

Plinth Beam Construction Process

Create a 4-inch thick PCC layer to ensure a level floor and prevent direct contact with the soil.
Install a sturdy wire mesh atop the PCC, making sure to incorporate cover blocks under the frame for added strength.
After thorough reinforcement, use a vibrator during concreting to achieve optimal compaction. Utilize a concrete mix with a ratio of 1:3:5.
After 7 days, the slabs can be safely removed, but it's essential to commence any additional construction work only after 14 days of continuous watering.
Following this period, ensure that a bitumen coating (Damp Proofing) is applied to both the top and sides of the plinth beam for added protection.
Landfilling on the foundation can be initiated after a brief two to three-day interval.